Calculating-machine.



A F. POOLE CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED sums, 191s.

Patented 0ct. '29,1918,

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

A. F. PUQLE.

CALCULATING MACHiNE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT-1916."

1 283293. Patemed; m. 29, 1918.

A POOLE.

CALCULATING MACHINE,

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-5,1916.

Patented. 0m 29, mm

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

A. F. POOLE.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION man sm. 5. 19 16.

LZSSEQSB Patented 00. 29, E918.

5 SHEETS-SHEEI 4.

A. F. POOLE.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 5 I916.

Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5- nnrrnn ermine I l ARTHUR F. POOLE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, A

CALCULATIN PATEN @FFIGE.

, ASSIGNOR TO THE WAHL COMPANY, OF

CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

(if-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

Application filed September 5, 1916. Serial No. 118,378.

i calculating machines. It has for its object the giving of an indication to the operator that the total has been completely extracted from the machine and also to compute cer tain functions of the numbers entered into the calculatin machine. It is especially applicable to ca culating machines of the type shown in the issued patent to John (J. Wahl, Number 893,719, andwhich machine has long been on the market in connection with the Remington typewriter under the name of the Wahl adding and subtracting machine. One of the objects of my invention is the provision of a total clear signal which can be used with VVahl totalizers now in use without changing the structure of said totalizer in any particular.

Another object of my invention is the provision of a totalizer clear signal whose operation is independent of the totalizer itself and is governed entirely by the actuating mechanism used to insert numbers in said totalizer.

' Another object of my invention is a totalizer clear signal which will give an indication in case the totalizer fails to operate properly. ,Such a condition, for instance, as would be caused by a broken tooth in one of the totalizer gear wheels, in which event the numbers entered into the totalizer by the actuating mechanism would not be correctly summed up.

A further Object of my invention is the computation of certain herein defined functions of the numbers entered into the calculating machine.

Another object of my invention is the'obtaining-of the algebraic sum of the aforementioned function.

A further object of my invention is to provide a calculating machine having a re versible actuating mechanism or a mechanical equivalent thereof with a check to determine that the algebraic sum of the numbers added and subtracted by said mechanism shall be zero or some multiple of a predetermined number, and this check to operate regardless of whether said actuating mechanism is operating a totalizer or not.

More particularly a further object of my invention is the provision of a mechanism to determine whether the algebraic sum of certain hereinafter defined functions of the numbers entered into a calculating machine is a multiple of 9 or 11 or of both.

A further object of my invention, incidental to the production of a totalizer clear signal, is the provision of mechanism which, independent of the condition of the operation of thetotalizer, will sum up the digits :entered in said totalizer by the actuating mechanism. These, and other objects of my invention, will be apparent to those skilled in the art and will be set forth in the iiollowing specification and claims.

Before entering upon a description of the construction of my mechanism I will first give a short discussion of the theory on which my invention is based. I believe that not only the mechanism necessary to carry out my invention but the theoretical considerations forming the basis thereof are broadly new in the calculating machine art, and that the structure and purpose of my invention will be much more readily understood in case one is first made acquainted with the theory of numbers according to which my improved machine operates.

It will first be necessary to define a certain kind of numbers, which I will call congruent numbers; these are defined as numbers which, when divided by a given base, will leave the same remainder: Example 12 and 22 are congruent to the base 10, since each will leave a remainder of 2 when divided by 10. -Again, 8 and 71 are congruent to the base 9, since each will give a remainder of 8 when divided by 9.

Speaking generally, the two numbers via-kc and ma+c are congruent to the base a, since it is obvious that when either one of these numbers is divided by a, 0 will be the remainder. If a and b are congruent to a certain base and c and (Z are congruent to the same base, then (1+?) will be congruent to 0+0? and also m-b will be congruent to c-al.

1Tl18$ oro osltions are easil seen to be true by noting that:

' If 2" :12 23% 5, 21%} are congruent to the base a (n+n )a+(c+c and (m+m )a+(c+c their sum and (at-mga-l-(c-q) and (m-m;)a+(cc their difierences are also congruent to the base a. IIt is a property of numbers that any numher and the sum of its (il ltS are congruent e) L g to the base 9. This ma be readil seen irom 3 J the fact that any number under 10,000 be represented by 1GO0a.+100b',-100+d, where a, b, 0 and cl are the digits in the several declmal places. Now, it from this number, ct+b+c+d (the sum of its digits) be subtracted, the result is 999cd+99b+90, a

number which is obviously exactly divisible Let us now consider the example below:

In the first column. are set down a series of numbers and their sum 3268. In the second column is set down the sums of the digits of the numbers in the first column, 6. g., the sum of the digits of 642 is 12; that or 735 is 15, et cetera. Obviously any number in the first column 18 congruent to the sum of its digits, and the sum 3268 is congruent to the sum 73 in the second column, since 6238 divided by 9 gives a remainder of 1, and 73 divided by 9 also gives a remainder of 1. I Consider now the congruent numbers 3268 and 73. 11 from we subtract 3268 the re mainder is"zer;o, and if from 73 subtract the sum of the digits of the numbers 3268, or 19, the remainder is 54. Obviously O and 5e are exactly divisible by 9, since 9 will go into 0 exactly 0 times and into 54 exactly e times.

Therefore, as a general proposition, if S is the sum of a series of numbers, and the sum of the digits of these numbers, and (Z, is' the sum of the digitsof S, then Dd', will be exactly divisible by 9.

Returning now to the consideration of the general number 1O0Oa+lOOZi-l-1O0-ld let us take the sum of the digits in the even decimal places, calling the tens place the second place and counting toward the left, and from this subtract the sum of the digits in the odd decimal places, counting the figure in the units decimal place the first and also counting toward the leftythat is, add to the general number abl-c d, e. g.

inns 99b+11c Since the remainder is obviously divisible by 11 it follows that a number and the d1fference between. the sum of the digits in the odd and even decimal places counting from the right are congruent to the-base 11.

i shall hereinafter often. have occasion to refer to two different functions of the digits composing a number. The first function, which i will call the 9 function, is defined as the sum of allthe digits in a number; example, 56497 has for its 9 function 31.

Second, the 11 function of a number is dedied as the difi'erence between the sums of he odd and even dig of the nmnber, call.- ng the digit in the units place the first odd unit and the digit in the tens place the first even digit; for .ample, the 11 function of 56497 +1. 9 6(?-!-+5):-1. The 11 function of 103067 is 6+3+17:+3.

With the above definition in mind my inwhen the algebraic sum of the 9 functions of the numbers entered into the totalizer is congru to i sum of said numbers and also when the algebraic sum of the 11 functions of the numbers entered into the totalizer is congruent to the algebraic sum ofsaid numbers. Both the numbers and their 9 and 11 function are to be taken algebraicly; that is, when a number is added, both its 9 and 11 functions are added and when a number is subtracted, both its likewise subtracted.

in the i hal machine numbers are added "into the totalizer one digit at a time, and after a series of numbers have been accumulated the gear shift oi the machine changes the relation between-the lreys and the actuating; mechanism and the number appearing in the totaliaer is printed out and simul taneously subtracted from the totalizer, saving the totalizer at zero. In my improved machine, in order to compute the '9 functions of the nun'ibers entered therein, I have geared a. disk to tbe-n'laster wheel of the lVahl machine and have arranged this disk so that it will operate in a cycle of nine steps. As nun'ibers are put into the machine this disk is turned according to the motion of the master wheel. 'lhereit'ore, it we start in with the disk in a zero position and insert numbers the displacement of this disk represents the sum of all the digits which have been inserted into the machine. If now the total amvearing in. the totalizer is subtracted from the machine the disk will be turned backward through a number of steps corresponding to the sum of the digits of said total, and it said total has been completely extracted the total number of stc s turned by the disk in one direction less the total number. of steps turned by the disk in the contrary direction will be divisible by 9. l have, therefore, provided this dish th a slot at every ninth step, and cooper with said disk have provided lever 'cli is attached to a key on the typewriter, rich key is adapted to print a star or other e :a cteristic mark. the slot in the disk i opposite said lever the star may be pm i the slot is not opposite said love; pr .ting of this star will be prevented, Wfeby giving an indicationto the operator aat the correct totai of the numbers added the machine has not been subtracted therefrom.

in order to compute the 11 functions it have connected a second diskto the master wheel. through a gear shift which rotates said disk either in the positive or negative compute the 11 functions of the number ontered in the totalizer.v In the disk are placed slots at a distance of 11 steps from each other, and the lever which cooperates with v the 9 disk also cooperates with the 11 (llSlL' The slots in the 11 disk are placed at 11 steps from each other; therefore, if, prior to the entry of a number into the totalizer, the slot in the 11 disk is opposite the lever, then, when the algebraic sum of the 11 functions-of the numbers entered into the totaliZer is divisible by 11 a slot will again be opposite this lever, and in case the slot in the 9 disk is also opposite said lever the star maybe printed.

Atthis point, the question arises of why it is necessary to compute two functions, via, the 9 function and the 11 function of thenumbers entered into the totalizer. The answer is that it will be apparent that if the 9 function'alone were present, and the totalizer stood at Zero or at any multiple of a slot in the 9 disk would be opposite j the lever, and, therefore, the printing of the star would be permitted. From this it follows that if the operator, on clearing" the totalizer, left a 9 in any of the decimal places or any combination of numbers whose sum is a multiple of 9 the star could be printed notwithstanding the fact that the totalizer was not clear. Similarly, if the 11 test alone were present and any multiple of 11 were left in the totalizer the star could be printed. However by combining these two tests it is necessary that the number which is left in thetotalizer be a multiple of both 11 and 9. Since these two numbers are prime to each other the number left in the totalizcr mustbc 99 or some multiple thereof in order for the star to be printed. The chances of the operators leaving this particular combination in the totalizer, and thereby giving an erroneous clear signal, are so small as to be negligible in practice.

it may be argued that some multiple of 99 could be left in the totalizer purposely and an erroneous clear signal be obtained, but in this connection it is pointed out that inasmuch as the operator of the machine has to discovcrthe error made by her in case her accounts do not balance the hypothesis of premeditated misoperation f the machine may be neglected, since by so doing the opperator is simply making work for herself.

I have found in practice that the two checks in combination ail'ord ample protection, for all commercial work.

Having now set forth the theory of my invention, I will give a description of the mechanical structure necessary to carry it into practice.

Figure 1 is a front elevation of a lValil cross footing machine equipped with my iiiventi'on.

Fig. 2 is a section through the :lines Q2 of Fig. i.

Fig. 3 is a front view of part of the mechanism in the cross actuator.

Fig. 4 is a top view of the mechanism shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a detail of the gear shift mechansm.

Fig. 6 is a perspective of th peculiar to my invention, and

Fig. 7 isa diagrammatic view of the type bar which operates the star or other characteristic mark.

Figs. 8, and 10 are views of a device to indicate when the function computing mechanism in its zero position.

1 huge shown my invention as applied to a lVahl cross footing machine, since it is very well adapted to work with said machine, and especially with the cross totalizer thereof. It is not necessary to go into an extended description ofsaid Wahlmachine, for they are well known on the market. I will,

e mechanism therefore, describe the operation of this machine in a very general way, reference being bad to the commercial machine for the details of the mechanism to accomplish the various functions therein.

In Fig. 1 is shown said Wahlunachine which is mounted on a Remington typewriter lO equipped with a set or numeral keys 11, which are connected by a set of pull rods 12 to a vertical actuator 13. The mechanism in the vertical actuator serves to transform the vertical motion of any of the numerals keys 11 into a differential rotation of a vertical master wheel 14. The machine is provided with a vertical truck 15 which travels step by step with the carriage 16 of the typewriter 10. On this truck are mounted the vertical totalizers 17, 18, 19 and 20, and the master wheel M serves to enter numbers in these totalizers digit by digit. For the sake of elearness l have left out quite a number or" elements which are present in the typewriter, such as, for instance, the alphabetical keys, the tabulating mechanism, the space and the typewriter escapement mechanisnn since them are all well known in the art and their delineation isnot necessary for the understanding; oi my present invention. Connect-ed to the vertical actuator is the cross actuator in which is the cross master wheel 22, which serves to enter numbers in the cross totalizer 23.- There is pick-up beam 24 mounted on the cross truck and this beam is held by a spring 26 in the path of a series of lugs (not shown) mounted on the vertic-al'truck 15. A

ng' 2? serves to return the cross truck to its pie into the cross totalizer 23. The dir' ction of on of the cross master wheel 22 is antomatically controlled by a gear shift de vice (not shown) which is controlled by a set cams 28, 29 and 30 mounted on the vertical totalizers and which serve to operate on arm 31 controlling the gear shift dethe cross totalizer. It is possible di er nt levels of the came 28, 29 and mine that the cross master wheel. all enher add, subtract, or not operate the cross totalizcr 23.

s such that it act-s as a jumpingtotaliser l known in the art, and numbers are ened simultaneously in any one of the verical totaiizers 17, 18, 19 or 20, and the cross otaliser 23. After a number is entered in oil vertical totalizer 1'? further progress of the typewriter carriage brings the vertical totalizer 18 into cooperation with the vertical master wheel 14:, and operation of the numeral keys will enter the same number into said vertical tot-alizaer l8 and the cross totalizer After the number has been entered into any of the vertical totalizers the cross totalizer is disconnected from the vertical truck by means of a pin 32 on the pick-up beam encountering a cam surface 33 fixed on the framework of the typewriter 10. After such disconnectiom the cross totalizer 23 returns to its normal position under the influence of the spring 27 ready to picked up by the next succeeding vertical totalizer- During a run of the vertical truck the cross totalizer 23 makes as many reciprocations as there are connecting lugs mounted on the vertical truck 15-, and since predetermined program of calculation has been set up by the cams 28, 29 and 30, at the up and release mechanism consistingv 1e arrangement oi the cross totalizer 3 end of the run the cross totalizer will show a total of the numbers Written in horizontal cross total is written on the work sheet the a cross totalizer is thrown into subtraction by, for instance, the cam and said total copied out. This returns the cross totalizer to 0 ready for a computation of the next horizontal line of numbers.

During a days operation of the machine thecross totalizer :23 has computed a large number ofhorizontally written numbers, the totals of which have been cleared out at the end of each line, and it is desirable to have the totalizer clear signal device cooperating with the cross totalizer 23. The vertical t0- talizers are used to accumulate grand totals, and are cleared only at relatively infrequent intervals; therefore, a device of this kind is not particularly necessary in connection with them and in the machine illustrated I have shown my device as applied to a cross tot-alizer only. it is obvious that those skilled in the art would have no difficulty whatever in appl ing a similar device to the.

vertical master .wheel, it only being necessary that either a separate star printing key be provided for said proposed vertical totalizer equipment or some equivalent means of avoidinginterference with the clear signal used in connection with the cross to- .talizer 23. v

' From what has been said it will be apparent that the cross master Who/e122 re- ;volves in one direction for the insertion of numbers in the cross totalizer and in a contrary direction for subtracting the numbers therefrom. It is, in fact, true that if one starts with the cross totalizer at 0, and adds and subtracts a series of numbers and then clears the cross totalizer by subtracting out the exhibited total that the number of steps taken by the master wheel 22 in apositive direction will not in general equal the number of steps taken by said master wheel in a negative direction, for any units accumulated in the cross totalizer 23 by the operationof carrying from one denomination to another Would not be represented by rotation of said master wheel 22.

Rigid with the shaft of the cross master wheel (Fig. 6) is a'g ea-r 34- having the same number of teeth as said cross master wheel Adapted to mesh with the wheel 34 is a gear rotatably and slidably mounted on a' shaft 36 which is rotatably mounted in the framework, although. said shaft 36 may be rigidly mounted on said tamework if such construction is desirable. Rigid with the gear is. a collar 37 having a groove by a pin 43 in a lever 44 pivotally mounted on t-heframework at 45 and having an arm 46 in which is mounted a pin '47 which is guided by a cam slot 48 in a plate 49 .mounted on the back of the cross truck (Figs. 2, 3 and The cam slot 48 has three different levels corresponding to three different positions of the shifter 39. These I from rotation by a pin 53 (Fig. 2) mounted in the framework and adapted to enter between the teetl l ofsaid gear 35. When the shifter 39 is in said first position rotation ofthe cross master wheel 22 will produce no I effect on said gear 35. When the shifter 39 is in its second position, which position corresponds with the level 52 of the cam 48, said gear serves to transmit the motion of the master wheel 22 and its rigidly connected gear 34 to two different chains of tit) gearin first, to a wide gear 54 of eighteen teeth al hough any suitable multiple of 9 may be used, rota'tably mounted on a shaft 56, which is rotatably mounted in the framework, and second to a gear 59 hereinafter to be described. The arrangement of the collar 55 and the gear 54 is such that said collar and gear, while rotatably mounted on the shaft 56, has no lateral motion with respect to said shaft. On the other end of the collar 55 is mounted the 9 disk 57 and this disk has in it a slot 58 and a second slot (not shown) located diametrically opposite the slot 58. The gear relation between the cross master wheel 22 and the disk 57 is such that eighteen steps of said master wheel will rotate the disk 57. through a complete revolution. Since said disk has two slots it will, therefore, require nine steps of the cross master wheel 22 to rotate said disk 5'? through the angular distance between the slot 58 and its diametrically opposed one,

lZVhen the shifter 39 is in-its second position the gear 35, as before noted serves also to transmitmotion to a second gear chain as follows, Iiiif-mesh with said gear is a gear 59 of twentvtwo teeth rigidly mounted on a' shaft 60 rotatably mounted in the frame-' work and having rigidly mounted on it a gear 61 of twenty-two teeth which meshes in an equal sized gear 62 rigidly mounted on a shaft 63 rotatably mounted in the framework, and the gear 62 is in mesh with a similar gear of twenty-two teeth, which is mounted on a collar 65 rotatable on the shaft 56. An 11 function computing disk 66 is rigidly mounted on the collar 65 and has in it a slot 67 and another slot (not shown) diametrically opposite. The 11 test disk 66 makes one complete revolution for every twenty-two steps of the cross master mg to the gear 54 being provided with a wide face said gear remains in mesh with the gear 35 when said gear is in its third position-and, through it, with the gear 34. After the gear has been thrown entirely out of mesh with the gear 59 due to the shifter 39 coming to its third position-it is in mesh with a gear 68 rigid on the shaft 63 and, therefore, rigid with the gear 62.

Ghanging the gear shifter 39 from its Second to its third position has the effect of changing the direction of rotatio pf the 11 disk 66 without changing the di ection of the 9 disk 57, and since the cam 48 which controls these shifts advances stepby step with the crosstruck it is evident from the shape of said cam that the direction of the rotation of the 11 disk-66 will be changed at every alternate decimal place and, therefore, the 11 disk 66 will be displaced to. compute the 11 function of the number entered by the cross masterwheel 22 into the cross totalizer 23.

The structure of the gears 34, 35, 54, 59 and 68 is such that when the shifter passes from one of its positions to the other, thereby shifting the gear 35 into various positions, the disks 57 and 66 are always con"- strained. In its first position the gear 35 is out of mesh with the gear 34 and is in mesh with both the gears 54 and 59 and is also held locked by engaging the pin 53. When the shifter 39 moves the gear 35 to its second position, the gear 35 remains in mesh with the gears 54 and 59 and enters in mesh with the gear 34. When said gear 35 is moved by the shifter 39 to its third position the gears and 34 remain in mesh as do also the gears 35 and 54 and the gear 35 enters into mesh with the gear 68 before it comes out of mesh with the gear 59. From this arrangeinent it follows that the disks 5? and 66 are at no time free to turn except as they are turned by the motion of the cross master wheel When the shifter is in its first position these disks are, of course, .held locked by reason of the gear 35 being locked on the stud 53. lin passing from the second to the third position, the fact of the gear 35 remaining in mesh with the gear until it enters on gear 68 prevents accidental displacement of either of said disks during the shift.

It is necessary at times to write numbers 39 is in its first position the gear while in mesh with the gears 5d and 59, is out of mesh with the gear 34 and, therefore, rotation of the cross master wheel 22 is not transmitted to the disks 5? and 66.

Pivoted in the framework 69 is a lever 70.

Projecting at right angles to the front arm of said lever is a test plate '21 winch is adapted to enter the notches 58 and 67 when both' of said notches are in register with said plate. The rear end 72 of the lever has a pivot 73 on which is mounted a twisted link 74 which is connected to a pivot 75 in the rear end of a lever pivoted in the framework at 77 and having in its front end a fork 78. Pivoted on the framework at T 9 is a lever 80, on one end of which is a pin 81 working in the fork 78, and on the other is pivoted a-pull rod 82 which serves-to connect the lever to a star printing key- 83 mounted on a type bar lever 84, which, through the usual mechanism, serves to operate a type bar 85 which isadapted to print a star or other characteristic mark to indicate a condition of the actuating mechanism having subtracted from the, totalizer, the same number which was added into it. I As before noted, the cross master wheel 22 may be reversed and such reversal, when it occurs, will simultaneously reverse the directionof rotation ofboth the disks 57 and 66. The operation of my device is as follows:

By an operation hereinafter to .be described, the slots 58 and 57 are first brought into register with the test plate 71 and the star is printed. The cross totalize'r 23, which has previously been broughtto zero, is then mounted on the cross truck. Numhere are entered into this totalizer by the keys in the usual manner and the disk 57 will compute the 9 function of said numbers and the disk (56 will compute the 11 functionof said numbers, these functions being computed both in addition and in sub.- traction. At any time during the computa-, tion of the numbers entered into the total. izer the 9 disk will show the algebraic sum of the 9 functions of the numbers entered into the machine and the disk 66 will show the algebraic sum of the 11 functions of the numbers entered into the machine.

As before noted, when the algebraic sum of the numbers entered by the actuating mechanism into the to'talizer is O the algebraic sum of the 9 functions is either 0 or some multiple of 9, and the algebraic sum of the 11 functions is either 0 or some mul-' tiple of 11. Consequently when the two slots 58 and (57 are again in register with the test plate 'Zl'the algebraic sum of the numbers entered. into the cross totalizer by the cross master wheel 22 will be either 0 or some'multiple of 99. if the totalizer has functioned correctly during this operation it will stand either at clear or at some multiple of 99, and in either event the star printing key 83 may be operated and the star being printed on the paper will indicate that said totalizer stands either at clear or at some multiple of 99,'e. g. 99, 198, 297, 396, 4:95, et cetera.

It will be noticed (Figs. 5 and 6) that;

some of thelevels 52 of the cam slot 48 are longer than others. These long levels 52 correspond to the decimal or pointing, off places of the cross totali'zer 23. The VVahl totalizers are provided with a decimal lock which prevents the operation of the numeral keys in these pointing off places. therefore, not necessary to throw the shifter 39 to its disconnect position, in these pointing off places, as would be the case were this decimal lock not provided, so the shifter is simply left in its second position, the operation of the numeral keys in the pointing ofl places being prevented by the decimal lock' above referred to.

It will, of course, be necessary to. provide a plate 49 corresponding to the particular spacing of the totalizer which is used, both.

as to the width or capacity of said totalizer It is,

and to the arrangement of its number wheels as regards to decimal or pointing off places.

However, these plates can be made and sent out with the totalizer with which they are to be used so that for each totalizer there will be provided a properplate 4:9 to operate the shifter 39.

I wish to call attention to the fact that this totalizer clear signal is adapted only to be used in connection with totalizers which calculateto the base 10. Obviously it is not suited for use with totalizers calculating to any other base, such, for instance, as English money, in which. the bases are 10, 20, 12 and 4.

I willnow describe the method by which the slots'58 and 67 are brought intoregister.

with the test plate 71 before beginning to operate the machine. A hole is provided in the cover of the cross actuator so that the operator may observe the position of the slots 58 and-67 with reference to the test nlateil. The cross decimal carriage. is

first moved to a position such that the shifter is then moved so as to bring the shifter to its second. position and l is inserted. The

. in cycles of two steps, but it is to be noted that the position of the slots 58 on the 9 disk 57 differ by nine steps and, therefore, it will always be possible, by means of the above described operation, to bring the two slots 58 and 67 into register with the test late 71. W hen this is donejthe cross total- IZBI 23 may be placed in its position on the cross truck and the computation started.

lit is obvious that those skilled the art could, easily apply a pair of visible targets to act in conjunction with the disks 5? and 66, and thusobviate the necessity of having to observe directly the relative position of the test plate 71 and the slots 58 and 67. When these two slots are in register with the test plate it is evident that the slots in the respective disks diametrically opposite these slots are in register also, and each disk could be provided with a separate lever h i as its rear end entering-the slots, and bearing on its front end a small target which could be observed through a hole in the actuator cover. The registry of the slots 58 and 6? With' the test plate 71 would then be indicated by the appearance of both of these targets behind their respective sight openings in the cover. In Figs. 8, 9 and 10 l have illustrated the device just described. Reference to these figures will disclose that the disks 57 and 66 have acting in conjunction with them a pair of levers and 91, said levers having projections and 93 and terminating in indicating points 94 and which project through the cover 96 and reg} ister With a zero inarlr cover. The projections 92 and are so shaped that they will be canin'ied out of the slots in the coop. .ing disks said disks are revolved. The levers 9G 91 are rotatably mounted on a stud 97 rigid in the framework and are given a tendency to rotate in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 10) by springs 98 and 99 extending between said levers and a' stud 100 mounted in the framework. The factof the notches in the disks 57 and 66 being in alinenientwill be indicated by the indicators 94 and being in line with the index mark 97.

A. veryconvenient way of bringing the two notches into registry is to hold. the space bar or" the typewriter depressed and operate the one-key of the typewriter suecessi'vely until the nine function computing disk 57 is brought into its zero position,

97 attached to said zero positions, viz. a zero position for po which will be indicated by the l -l registering with the index 37. .7 .rl: 1 space bar still depressed, the nine-keg, then operated until the indicator cooperating with the eleven function disk is brought into registry. It is to be ob served that the operation of the ninewill turn the disk 57 through nine spaces and hence not disturo its Zero adjustnicnt since said disk operates in a cycle of nine spaces. In practice, after the disks 5? and 66 have been set to their zero position they will not be disturbed unless a computation; was being made. When a cmuputation is being madethat is, when numbers are inserted into the machine which do not go into the totalizer, the usual disconnect lever provided with the Wahl machine should be not only on the accuracy of the operator but on the accuracy or the computing done by the totalizer itself. it the totalizer has a broken tooth or for any reason whatever does not function properly; that is, correctly compute the numbers put into it, is obvious that my herein described clear signal will vc a warning; of such error.

is only in case the error is a multiple other than Zero that confusion will occ'r.

and the probability against such a co occurring is so great as to be negli l I believe ani iroadly new in provid 5 i totalizer signal 'wl'iich will detec Li'ai ore of the totaliser to function and such a device will be of great value machines of the kind in which the car; i is not done positively but is done of spring actuating levers. ln talizer clear signals with which i; an quainted the operation of this si 'nal is controlled solely through the totaiizer. The fact of the totalizer wheels being; brought to zero will i've a clear indication, regard-- less of whether or not the totaliiier has co rectly calculated the numbers entered ther it sometimeshappens that a calculating machine is used with a so-called algebraic totalizer. I totalizer of this kind has two numbers and a second zero position negative numbers, and these two core, positions dili'er from each other the extent of one step of the wheel in the lowest decimal place in the totalizer. desire to call atten- 57 and does not 1 extra step inserted into the totalizer independent of the master mechanism makes the difference between the position of the totalizer mechanism for positive Zero and that of negative zero, it is obvious that as far as the actuating mechanism is concerned these two zeros are mechanically equivalent, and, therefore, my herein described totalizer clear signal will give clear indications in case the totalizer is returned to negative zero, as well as if said totalizer is returned to positive zero. If, in any case, the mechanism was such that the extra unit is inserted by the actuating mechanism it would be necessary to prevent this extra unit from entering into the computation of either 9 or 11 functions.

I believe I am the first to show a mechanism for computing the 9 function of a number, the first to show a mechanism for computing the 11 function of a number and also the first to show a mechanism for computing these two functions in combination, and I wish to claim the same broadly.

In a number of the following claims I have used the term number inserting mechanism, and I wish this to be understood as mechanism for inserting a number greater than nine. It is obvious that when a number consists of a single digit that the nine function or the eleven function of the number is identical with the number itself. From this it follows that it is possible to compute the nine functions of numbers less than nine and also to compute the sum. of said function on certain calculating machines of the prior art, particularly in that shown in the patent to lVahl, Number 803,719, or in the machine shown in the British patent to Walter W right, Number 8740 of 1909. I wish, therefore, to have the term number insertingmechanism when used in the following claims as defining mechanism which is adapted to insert numbers of more than one decimal place, and also when speaking of a number I limit myself to numbers greater than nine, and I am making this insertion 1n the specification for the purpose of avoiding the needless repetition of these facts in each of the following claims. It is obvious that in the cited. machines of the prior art that when one inserts a number which isgrea-ter than nine that the mechaaces HlSHLdn said prior art machines will not compute the nine or eleven function inserted number but will compute the nuinber itself.

In spite of repetition I will again define the 9 function of a number as the sum of all the digits of that number and will define the 11 function of a number as the difference between the sums of the alternate digits of a number. I shall use these terms in. the claims for the purpose of conciseness and said terms are to be construed therein in accordance with the above definition.

In the accompanying claims I have spolrcn of a function computing device as distinguished from the ordinary totaliaer of a calculating machine, said totalizer calculating functions of the digits of the various numbers combined with powers of ten. Obviously an ordinary .totalizer does not compute a function of the digits of the numbers alone. Itv computes a function which is determined by the digits themselves combined with powers of ten taken in accordance with the decimal arrangement of the digits. I, of course, do not intend in any of the claims to authorize a construction of said claims which will read on the ordinary to'taliaer of a calculating machine. Obviously one can compute the nine and eleven functions herein described of numbers greater than nine on a totalizer of a calculating machine, but such use is no more of an anticipation of my present invention than the use of a pencil and paper for computing these functions, for in order to compute said functions one has to enter not the numbers into the machine but the digits constituting said numbers.

Many changes and alterations of my de vice herein described may be rude by those skilled in the art Without departing from the spirit of my invention and many other uses will be found for it in addition to those herein described.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new is 1. In a calculating machine, the combination of mechanism. to enter a number in said machine, and means to compute the nine function of the number entered by said mechanism.

2. In a calculating machine, the" combination of mechanism to enter a plurality of numbers in said machine, and means to compute the nine functions of said numbers and to sum said nine functions.

3. In a calculating machine, the combination of mechanism adapted to enter a series of numbers in said machine both positively and negatii'ely, and means to obtain the algebraic sum of the nine functions of said. entered numbers.

a. In a calculating machine, the combination of mechanism to enter a series of numbers in said machine botlrpositively and negatively, and means to obtain the sum of the nine functionsof said entered numbers.

, 5. In a calculating machine, the combination of mechanism to enter a number in said machine, and means to compute the eleven function of the number entered by said mechanism.

6. In a calculating machine, the combination of a mechanism to enter a number in said machine and mechanism to accumulate the sum of the digits of the numbers entered functions of said entered numbers, both of said computing means being actuated from a common source.

9. In a calculating machine, the combination of mechanism to entera plurality of numbers in said machine,;;and means to computs the eleven functions of said numbers and to sum said eleven functions.

10. In a calculating machineythe combination of mechanism adapted to enter a series of numbers in said machine both posi tively and negatively, and means to obtain the algebraic sum of the eleven functions .of said entered numbers.

11. In a calculating machine, the combination of mechanism adapted to enter a series of numbers in said machine both positively and negatively, and means to obtain the sum of the eleven functions of said entered numbers.

', her in said machine either positively or negatively, mechanism to compute the nine function of said number and a common reverse- I function simultaneously.

145111 a calculating machine, the combination of number actuating mechanism, eleven function computing mechanism, nine function computing mechanism, a common actuating means for the eleven function and nine {function computing mechanism, and a reverse common to the actuating mechanism, the nine function and eleven function mechanism and the computing mechanism.

15. In a calculating machine, the combination of number computing mechanism, eleven function computing mechanism, nine function computing mechanism, a common actuating means for the eleven and nine function computing mechanisms, and a common reverse for the number. computing mechanism and the nine and eleven function computing mechanism.

16.'In a calculating machine,the"combi'- 4 nation of a totalizer, actuating mechanism adapted to insert a number therein' sem'atim, and mechanism to compute the nine function of a number entered by the actuating mecha-' msm.

' 17. In a calculating machine, the combination of a totalizer, actuating mechanismadapted to insert a number therein seriatz'm, and mechanism to compute the eleven func-. tion of a number entered by the actuating mechanism.-

18. In a calculating machine, the combi nation ofa totalizer, actuating mechanism adapted to insert a number therein serz'atz'm,

and mechanism to accumulate the sum of the 1 digits of the numbers so entered.

19. In a calculating machine, the combination of a totalizer, actuating. mechanism adapted to insert a number therein seriatim, and mechanism to accumulate the difference between the sums of the alternate digits of numbers entered into the machine.

20. In a calculating machine, the combination of a totalizer, actuating mechanism adapted to insert a numbe'r therein serz'atim, mechanism to compute the nine functiom of the entered numbers and mechanism to com pute the eleven functions of said entered numbers, both of said computing mechanisms being actuated from a common source.

21. In a calculating machine, the combi-- nation of a totalizer, actuatingmechanism' ada ted to insert a number therdin serz'atim. mec anism to compute the nine function of said numbers and a common reverse to re verse simultaneously the actuating mechanisms, and mechanism for, computing the nine function.

22. In a calculating machine, the combination of a totalizer, actuating mechanism adapted to insert a number therein sem'atz'm, mechanism to compute the elevenfunction of said numbers and a common reverse to reverse simultaneously the actuating mechanism, and the mechanism for computing the eleven function.

23. In a calculating machine, the combination of a totalizer, actuating mechanisms adapted to insert a number therein scrigtnt, eleven function computing mechanism, nine function computing mech'anis ma common actuating means for the eleven and nine function computing mechanisms, and a common reverse for the actuating mechanism and the nine and eleven function computing mechanisms.

24:. In a calculating machine, the combina- -tion of a totalizer, actuating mechanism adapted to insert a number therein serz'atz'm,

eleven function computing mechanism, a

; arranged to operate in acycle of nine steps,

and mechanical means for determining when. said computing mechanism has been displaced through a cycle of nine steps.

- 2 6. In a calculating machine, the combination of a number inserting mechanism, means toaccumulate the sum of the digits inserted by said number inserting mechanism, said accumulating mechanism being 4 arranged to operate in a cycle of eleven steps, and means for determining when said computing mechanism has been displaced. through a cycle of eleven steps.

27. in a calculating machine, the combination of number inserting mechanism, mechanism working through a cycle of nine steps to accumulate the sum of the nine functions of the numbers entered by said accumulating mechanism,- mechanism to compute the sum of the eleven function of the numbers entered by said accumulating mechanism, and means operativejointly on both the nine and eleven function computing mechanism to determine when said mecha nisms have rotated through a complete cycle.

28. In a calculating machine, the combination of a totalizer, means to insert a number therein scm'atim, means to compute the nine ,functions of said numbers, means to compute the eleven functions of said numbers, a characteristic mark, means for printing the same, and means to prevent the printing of said characteristic mark unless the nine function computing mechanism has moved through a'complete cycle.

29. In a calculating'machine, the combination of a totalizer, means to insert a number therein sem'atz'm, means to, compute the nine functions of said numbers, rue-ms to compute the eleven functions of said numbers, a characteristic mark, means for printing the same, andmeans to prevent the printing of said characteristic mark unless both the nine and eleven function computing mechanisms have moved through a complete cycle.

30. "In a calculating machine, the combination of a decimal carriage, number inserting mechanism, means to compute a function of the number Which is inserted by said number inserting mechanism, and means to reverse the direction of computation of said function computing mechanism at alternate steps of said ,decimai carriage. 7

31. In a calculating machine, the combination'or" a decimal carriage, number inserting mechanism, means to compute a function of the number which is inserted by said number inserting mechanism, and automatic means to reverse the direction of computation of said function computing mechanism at alternate steps of said decimal carriage.

32. In a calculating machine, the combination of'a decimal carriage, number inserting mechanism, means to compute a function of the number which is inserted by said number inserting mechanism, and a cam on said decimal carriage to reverse the direction of computation of said function computing mechanism at alternate steps of said decimal carriage.

33. In a calculating machine, the combination of a decimal carriage, number inserting mechanism, means to compute a function of the number which is inserted'by said number inserting mechanism, and a slotted. cam to reverse the direction of computation of said function computing mechanism at alternate of said decimal carriage.

3? ins calculating machine, the combination o 0 decimal carriage, number inserting mecha. n, .rneans to compute a function of the num er which is inserted by said number inserting mechanism, and a slotted cam to positively-reverse. the direction of computation of said function computing mechanism at alternate steps of said decimal carriage.

35., In a calculating machine, the combinationof a totalizer, means to enter a number therein scrratim, a disk connected-with said number inserting means, said disk operated ina cycle of nine steps, another disk'operated by said number inserting means, said disk operating in a cycle of eleven steps, means for printing a characteristic mark, and means for preventing the operation of said printing: means unless both of said disks shall stand at 'a predetermined point.

36. In a calculating-machine, the combination of number inserting mechanism, a disk Working in a cycle of nine steps and adapted to compute the nine functions of the numbers entered in said totalizer, means for printing a characteristic mark, and means for preventing the printing of said characteristic mark unless said totalizer stands at zero or a multiple of nine.

37. In a calculating machine, the combination of totalizer, numberinserting mochanism adapted to insert numbers in said totalizers seriatim, a device for computing the eleven function of said numbers including a member moving inv a cycle of eleven steps, 130

means for printing a characteristic mark, and means for preventing the printing of said characteristic mark unless said device for computing the eleven function stands at zero or a multiple of 11. In a calculating machine, the combinaof a totalizer, actuating means for mting a number therein seriar'z'm, a nine function computing device operated by said i characteristic mark, and a control for said printing means operated jointly by said nine and eleven function computing mechanism.

40. In a caluclating machine, the combination of number inserting mechanism, means to compute a function of the number inserted by said numberinsertingmechanism, and means to" render said function computing mechanism inoperative at will.

41. In a calculating machine, the combination of number inserting mechanism, means to compute the nine function of the number inserted by said number inserting mechanism, and means to render said nine function computing mechanism inoperative at will.

42. In a calculating machine, the combination af 'humber inserting mechanism, means to compute the eleven function of the number inserted by said number computing mechanism, and means to render said eleven function computing mechanism inoperative at will.

43. In a calculating machine, the combination of number insertingmechanism, means to compute the nine and eleven function of the number inserted by said number comput ing mechanism, and a common means to render both said nine and eleven function computing mechanisms inoperative at will.

at, In a calculating machine, the combination of a traveling member, number inserting mechanism, a device to compute a function of the digits of the number inserted by said number inserting mechanism, and means under control of-said traveling member to render said function computing mechanism inoperative at certain points in the travel of said traveling member.

45. In a calculating machine, the combination of a decimal carriage, number inserting mechanism, a device to'compute a function of the digits of the number inserted by said number inserting mechanism, and means .un' der control of said decimal carriage to render said function computing mechanism inoperative at certain points in the travel of said decimal carriage.

$6. In a calculating machine, the combination of a decimal carriage, number inserting mechanism, a device to compute a function of the digits of the number inserted by said number inserting mechanism, and a cam un der control of said decimal carriage to render said function computing mechanism inoperative at certain points in the travel of said decimal carriage.

47. in a calculating machine, the combination of printing mechanism, mechanism to enter a number in said machine, means to compute the nine function of the entered number, and a set of keys simultaneously operative on said printing mechanism, number entering mechanism and nine function computing mechanism.

48. In a calculating machine, the combination of a totalizer, mechanism to enter a number in said totalizer, and means to compute the nine function of the number entered into said totalizer.

49. In a calculating machine, the com bination of a printing mechanism, means to enter a plurality of numbers in said machine, means to compute the nine functions of said numbers, means to obtain the sum of said nine functions, and a set of numeral keys simultaneously operative on all of said previously recited mechanisms.

50.- In a calculating machine, the com bination of a totalizer, means to enter a plurality of numbers in said totalizer, means to compute, the nine functions of said num bers, and means to obtain the sum of said nine functions.

51. In a calculating machine, the combination of printing mechanism, mechanism adapted to enter a series of numbers in said machine both positively and negatively, said printing mechanism being adapted to print the numbers so entered, and means to compute the algebraic sum of the nine functions of said entered numbers, and a common set of numeral keys operative on said printing mechanism, number entering mechanism and nine function computing mechanism.

'52. In a calculating machine, the combination of mechanism adapted to enter a series of numbers in said machine both positively and negatively, a set of numeral keys adapted to actuate said number entering mechanism, printing mechanism operated by said keys, and means to obtain the sum of. the nine functions of the numbers printed by said printing mechanism.

53. in a calculating machine, the combination of a totalizer, mechanism adapted to enter a series of numbers in said totalizer both positively and negatively, a set of numeral keys operative on said number entering mechanism, and means to obtain the sum of the nine function of said entered numbers, said means being also operable by said nu'meral keys.

54. In a calculating machine, the eomblnation of printing mechanism, mechanism to enter a number in said machine, means to enter a plurality of numbers in said machine, means to compute the eleven functions of said numbers, means to obtain thesum o'f'said eleven functions, and a set of numeral keys simultaneously operative on all of said previously recited mechanisms.

57. In a calculating machine, the combination ofa totalizer, means to enter a plurality of numbers in said totalizer, means to compute the eleventfunctions of said numbers, and means to obtain the sum of said eleven functions.

'58. In a calculating machine, the combination of prmtmgmechamsm, mechanism adapted to enter a series of numbers in said .machine both positively and negatively, said printing mechanism being adapted to print the numbers so entered, means to compute the algebraic sum'of the eleven functions of .said entered numbers, and a common set of numeral keys operative on said printing mechanism, number'-entering mechanism and eleven function computing mechanism.

59. In a calculating machine, the combination of mechanism adapted to enter a series of numbers in said machine both positively and negatively, a set ofnumeral keys adapted to actuate said number entering mechanism, printing mechanism operated by said keys, and means to obtain the sum of' the eleven. functions of the numbers printed by said printing mechanism.

60. In a calculating machine, the combination of a totalizer, mechanism adapted to enter a series of numbers in said totalizer both positively and negative1y,a set of numeral keys operative on said number enter-' ing mechanism, andnieans to obtain the sum of the eleven function of said entered numbers,-said means being also operable by said numeral keys.

61. In a calculating machine, the combination of a totalizer. mechanism to enter a number in said totalizer, and mechanism to accumulate the sum of the digits of the numbers entered'into said totalizer.

62. In a calculating machine, the combination of a totalizer, mechanism toenter a number in said tota'lizer,and mechanism operating in a cycle of nine steps to accumulate the sum of the digits of the numbers entered into said totalizer.

63. In a calculating machine, the combination of a totalizer, mechanism to enter a number in said totalizer, and mechanism opbination of a totalizer, a set of numeral keys adapted to enter numbers therein, printing mechanism actuated by said keys and adapted to print the numbers entered into said totalizer, and mechanism operated by said numeral keys to accumulate the difference between the sums of the alternate digits of the numbers printed by said printing mechanism. I

66. In a calculating machine, the combination of a totalizer, means to enter a number therein, means to compute the nine function of said entered numbers,-and means to compute the eleven function of said entered numbers, and a set of numeral, keys operative on both said function computing means and said totalizer, whereby the sums of numbers entered into the machine andthe sums of the nine and eleven functions of said numbers may be simultaneously computed.

67. In a calculating machine, the combination of a totalizer, mechanism adapted to nter a number therein either positively or negatively, a set of numeral keys operative on said number entering mechanism, mechanism also operated by said keys to compute the nine function ofthe number entered in said totalizer, and a common reverse operative on both said number mechamsm and said mechanism for com the nlne function, said reverse being a apted )uting to act on both of said mechanisms simul- 'taneously.

number inserting mechanism. and means also operative by said numeral keys to com pute the eleven functions of said entered numbers and to sum said eleven functions.

69. In a calculating. machine, the combination of a set of numeral keys, printing mechanism adapted to print numbers set up on said keys, a totalizer adapted to obtain the'sum of the numbers printed by said printin mechanism, said totalizer being adapte to be actuated by saidnum'eral keys,

' and means to compute the nine functions of the numbers set up on said keys and printed by said printing mechanism.

., 70. In a ,calculating machine, the combmation t aitotallzer, a set of numeral keys,

actuating mechanism adapted to insert a number in sald totahzer senate/72,, said actuating mechanism being operated by said numeral keys, printing mechanism to print the number entered in said totalizer, and

said printing being under the control of said numeral keys, and mechanism to compute the nine function of a number printed by said printing mechanism, said function com- 1 puting mechanism being also under the control of said numeral keys.

71.- In a calculating machine, the combination With 'mechanism to enter a number in said machine, of means to compute the 9 function of the number entered by said mechanism, a traveling carriage and means under control of said traveling carriage to render said 9 function computing mechanism operative at a plurality of points in the travel of said carriage.

72. In a calculating machine, the combination with mechanism to enter'a number in said machine, .of means to compute the 9 function of a number entered by said mechanism, a traveling carriage-and means mounted on said carriage to render said 9 func tion computing mechanism operative at a I into operation and also to determine Whether the numbers entered in the machineshall be I computed by said 9 function computing mechanism positively or negatively.

' 74. In a calculating machine, the combination with mechanism adapted to enter a series of numbers in said machine both positively and negatively, of a traveling car riage, means to compute the 9 functions of said entered numbers and means mounted on the carriage to determine when said 9 function computing mechanism will come into operation and also to determine whether the numbers entered in the machine shall be computed by said 9 function computing mechanism positively or negatively.

75. In a calculating machine, the combination with mechanism adapted to enter a series of numbers in said machine both positively and negatively, of a traveling carriage, means to compute the 9 functions of said entered numbers and means adjustably mounted on the carriage to determine when said 9 function computing mechanism will come into operation and also to determine whetherthe numbers entered in the machine shall be computed by said 9 function computing mechanism positively or negatively.

76. In a calculating machine, the combination with mechanism to enter a number in said machine, of means to compute thell function of a number entered by said mechanism, a traveling carriage and means under control of said traveling carriage to render said 11 function computing mechanism operative at a plurality of points in the travel of said carriage.

77. In a calculating machine, the combination with mechanism to enter a number in said machine, of means to compute the 11 function of a number entered by said mechanism, a traveling carriage and means mounted on said carriage to render said 11 function computing mechanism operative at a plurality of points in the travel of said carriage.

78. In a calculating machine, the combition with mechanism adapted to enter a series of numbers in said machine both positively and negatively, of a traveling carriage. means to compute the 11 functions of said entered numbers and means under control of said carriage to determine when said 11 function computing mechanism will come into operation and also to determine whether the numbers entered in the machine shall be computed by said 11 function computing mechanism positively or negatively.

79. In a calculating machine, the combination of a traveling carriage, a set of keys, differential mechanism controlled by said keys whereby numbers are entered into the machine, a 'function' computing device and a cam whose position is controlled by said traveling carriage to determine at what points during the travel of said carriage said function computing mechanism shall compute certain functions of the numbers entered into the machine by said keys.

80. In a calculating machine, the combi-. nation of a set of keys, differential mechanism controlled by said keys whereby numbers are entered into the machine. a traveling carriage also controlled by said keys and a functioncomputing mechanism, and a plurality of cams on said carriage to determine at what points in the travel of said carriage said function computing mechanism shall compute the numbers entered into the machine by said keys.

81. In a calculating machine, the combination of a set of numeral keys, difi'erential mechanism controlled by said numeral keys, and a function computing mechanism whose operation is determined by said difierential mechanism, said function computing meohanism being adapted to compute functions of thc form pF,,(p):K Where K and p are both intcger.

82. In a calculating machine the combination of a set of numeral keys, difi'erential' mechanism controlled by said numeral keys and a function computing mechanism Whose operation is determined by 'said differential mechanism, and means for reversing the action of said keys on said function computing mechanism.

signed my name this 31 day of August, 1916. 25

ARTHUR F. POOLE. 

